Between the Newport Mansions on the famous Bellevue Avenue, the cobblestone Thames Street, and the historic Bannister’s Wharf and Bowen’s Wharf, there is history all over the city, but Fort Adams leads the way. Nestled at the mouth of the Narragansett Bay, this imposing military fortification combines the allure of American history with the serene beauty of its coastal location.
A Storied Beginning
Established on July 4, 1799 as part of the First System of coastal fortifications, Fort Adams was named for President John Adams, who was in office at the time. The original fortification, designed by Major Louis de Tousard, served as an early defensive measure for Newport’s vital harbor. ts first commander was Captain John Henry, whose later political intrigue, selling the sensational “Henry Letters” to Washington, stoked anti-British feeling on the eve of the War of 1812.
In the decades that followed, it became clear that the original structure was no longer adequate for modern warfare. Under the sweeping improvements of the Third System of fortifications, the “current” Fort Adams was rebuilt between 1824 and 1857. Designed by French military engineer Simon Bernard and overseen for many years by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph G. Totten—the foremost American military engineer of his day—this new fortification emerged as one of the largest and most complex coastal defenses in the Western Hemisphere.
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Fort Adams in Conflict
Throughout its long military career, Fort Adams served as a key support and training center rather than a battlefield fortress. During the War of 1812, the fort’s presence helped secure Narragansett Bay even though it never engaged in direct combat. In the Civil War, Fort Adams played an essential role as a mobilization center and briefly housed the U.S. Naval Academy (after its move from Annapolis, due to regional concerns over Confederate sympathies). Union forces used its extensive facilities for training, but the fort’s guns never fired in battle.
Subsequent conflicts, ranging from the Spanish-American War through both World Wars, prompted the addition of concrete Endicott-era batteries and antiaircraft positions. The Army deactivated Fort Adams in 1953; the Navy then occupied part of the site until most of the property was deeded to Rhode Island in 1965.
Transition to a Living Landmark
After its decommissioning, Fort Adams’s immense historical and architectural value was recognized. In 1965, most of the property was transferred to the State of Rhode Island, and it became Fort Adams State Park. In 1976 the fort was designated a National Historic Landmark, cementing its status as a treasured piece of American history.
Today, Fort Adams is maintained by the Fort Adams Trust, a dedicated nonprofit organization committed to its restoration and public programming. Seasonal guided tours invite visitors to explore its labyrinthine tunnels, massive masonry walls, and unique defensive features—elements that showcase the innovative design concepts of the early 19th century.
Capture the Beauty
Perched by the bay, Fort Adams offers a panoramic view of the Narragansett Bay and the iconic Newport Bridge, creating a picturesque blend of history and nature. Whether capturing the first rays of sunrise or the tranquil sunsets, every photograph taken here is bound to encapsulate a piece of Rhode Island’s enchanting coastal charm.
Melodies Across the Bay
Fort Adams’ lawns host the Newport Folk Festival from July 25 to 27, 2025 and the Newport Jazz Festival from August 1 to 3, 2025, letting music echo off the old stone walls.
Sailing the Historical Shores
Besides its historical allure, the area around Fort Adams is synonymous with sailing adventures. With Sail Newport, a public sailing center located within Fort Adams State Park, visitors can glide across the gentle waves of Narragansett Bay, feeling the salt-kissed breeze amidst a backdrop of historical grandeur. Not to forget, the tranquil beach at Fort Adams State Park is a great spot to relax in the sun and enjoy boat watching. For the boating enthusiasts, the waters around Fort Adams are ideal for a boating adventure, allowing you to explore the bay from a unique vantage point.
Practical Tips for Visitors
A visit to Fort Adams requires a tad bit of planning to make the most of the experience. Here are some practical tips:
- Check the Schedule: Fort Adams has seasonal operating hours. Be sure to check the schedule and plan your visit accordingly. Look out for special events that might pique your interest.
- Prepare for the Weather: Being by the water, weather conditions can change rapidly. Dress in layers and be prepared for a sudden chill or unexpected drizzle.
- Comfortable Footwear: Exploring the fort involves a fair amount of walking on uneven surfaces, so wear comfortable, sturdy shoes.
- Supporting the Cause: Engage in guided tours, and consider purchasing merchandise to support the Fort Adams Trust in preserving this historical gem for future generations.
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Exploring the Fort and Beyond
Tours: A guided tour of Fort Adams is like walking through the pages of a living history book. From the architectural intricacies to the stories of yore, there’s much to discover. Find more information on tours and set out on a historical adventure.
Bay Walk & Maps: The Bay Walk is a paved 2.25-mile loop with sweeping harbor views; free maps at the visitor center help you follow the route.
Reenactments: The fort hosts reenactments that whisk you back in time, offering a vivid glimpse into the life of soldiers who once manned this fortress. Each July, a Civil War living history weekend brings artillery demonstrations, camp life exhibits, and drills; check the Fort Adams events calendar for exact dates.
More Than Just A Fort
Hosting Events: Fort Adams is not just a keeper of history but a host to present-day celebrations. Its picturesque locales provide a dreamy venue for weddings, corporate, and private events. Explore venue details and plan your memorable event in the lap of history.
The adjacent Eisenhower House, used by President Dwight D. Eisenhower as the “Summer White House” in 1958 and 1960, is also available for weddings and corporate functions.
Gift Shop: A visit to Fort Adams is incomplete without carrying back a piece of history. The gift shop offers a variety of memorabilia that echoes the fort’s timeless legacy. Browse through the gift shop and pick up a tangible memory of your historical journey.
